Mesopotamian mythology includes the myths, religious beliefs, and traditions of ancient Mesopotamia, a region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers that included the Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, and Assyrian civilizations.

It is one of the earliest mythological systems in human history. It is characterised by a central theme of demons and spirits. These supernatural entities are believed to roam the earth, and many rituals carried out in ancient Mesopotamia were designed to appease them.